![]() ![]() Some subspecies of this group are classified as quarantine pests requiring phytosanitary treatments to ensure that exported products are free of these pests. Adults have a mouthpart with powerful jaws that allow them to consume the laminae of leaves, shoots, twigs, and fruits, causing deep gouges in lignified tissues of trees and woody shrubs ( Espinoza et al., 2016). ![]() When they are in the larval stage, they attack plantations, causing damage to the neck and crown of the plants ( Espinoza et al., 2018). The life cycle of this pest passes through the stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult ( Fiaboe et al., 2012). Some species of weevil are harmful to agriculture, affecting plantations and stored products ( Tewari et al., 2014). This mini-review focusses on EOs used as bioinsecticides for the control of Curculionidae and on current stabilization techniques, such as nanoencapsulation, to prolog the biocidal effect of EOs against these pests.Ĭurculionids (Curculionidae), known as weevils, are a family of herbivorous phytophagous coleopterans. It has been determined that EOs have repellent, ovicidal, larvicidal, and insecticidal effects against different types of pests, but they also have some drawbacks due to their high volatility and low aqueous solubility. Under this scenario, essential oils (EOs) are being increasingly studied as bioinsecticides because they are renewable, natural, biodegradable, non-persistent in the environment and safe to non-target organism and humans. Due to this, some of these susbtances have been banned or restricted in many countries, which has reduced the number of agrochemicals that can be used for pest control, particularly in the case of crops exported to green markets such as Europe and Asia. However, it has been determined that synthetic pesticides present severe toxicity (residual), while they also result in environmental contamination and development of high-level resistance in some insect species. Pesticides are widely used in producing food to control pests. 5Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile.4Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Casilla 160-C, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.3Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Balneario Pelluco, Los Pinos s/n, Puerto Montt, Chile.2Agriaquaculture Nutritional Genomic Center (CGNA), Temuco, Chile.1Center of Waste Management and Bioenergy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.Examples of insecticides include DDC, 4-D, whereas examples of pesticides are Boric acid DDT, etc.Karla A.Insecticide does not help in destroying the weeds growing along with the main crop, whereas pesticide does.The insecticide has more poison content than that of pesticide.Insecticide targets one particular type of insect or organism in general, whereas pesticides act as protection from all kinds of threats to the main crop.Insecticide falls under the sub-category of pesticide, which means it is one of its types.Main Differences Between Insecticide and Pesticide These chemicals also are very harmful to birds and fishes as a lot of the chemicals get mixed with land and water resources which is where they find their food from. However, the farmers on any kind of worker in the fields come in direct contact with pesticide both through air and skin, and this put them at high risk of poisoning by pesticide which could cause several diseases as well as death, in case of serious poisoning. Overall, these substances save the farmers from loss and the public from any kind of shortage of grains in the market. These substances also make sure that the crop is safe from diseases and the farmers are safe from a loss that occurs due to crop failure. Chlorpyrifos is one such pesticide recommended and used by many farmers in different countries. ![]()
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